Transnational Crime

such rapid development, transnational crime (transnational crimes) today regarded as one of the serious threats to global security. In the multilateral sphere is more often called Transnational Organized Crimes (TOC).

Transnational crime has characteristics that are very complex. Several factors support the complexity of the development of cross-border crimes include globalization, migration or movement of people, as well as the development of information technology, communication and rapid transportation. Global economic and political situation is unstable also serves to add complexity.

At the High Level meeting held at the UN General Assembly on June 17, 2010, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon said that on one hand the threat of transnational crime is increasing, but on the other side of the country's ability to cope is limited. Therefore, it is very important for countries to enhance international cooperation to collectively combat the growing threat of transnational crime is.

United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime (United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime-UNTOC) which has been ratified by Indonesia with Law no. 5/2009 mentions a number of crimes that fall under this category of transnational organized crime, namely money laundering, corruption, human trafficking, migrant smuggling and illicit production and trafficking of firearms. The Convention also recognizes the close linkages between transnational organized crime with the crime of terrorism, despite the very different characteristics. Although illicit drug trafficking crime is not referred to in the Convention, the crime is categorized as transnational organized crime and even much more complete set in three prior drug-related Conventions agreed UNTOC.

Indonesia played an active role in the Pilot Review Implementation Programme (PRIP) as a volunteer from a total of 15 countries in the peer review (first track), but it also involved a total of five expert reviewers from countries in the second track review.Indonesia has completed all its obligations in the PRIP, namely: 1. Completing self-assessment 2. Conduct a review of Mexico and Romania (including Country visit to Mexico City and Bucharest), 3. Conduct a review of all the participating countries in the expert group PRIP, and 4. Create a gap analysis between the convention and protocol UNTOC to national legislation, which became the recommendation of the National Legislation Program. The experience of Indonesia is carried in the 1st Meeting of the Open-ended Group on the review implementation of UNCTOC take that ultimately formulate TOR and Guidelines UNTOC review mechanism for the first time since the entry into force.

ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crimes (ASEAN-PACTC) in 2002 also mentions 8 types of transnational crime within the scope of ASEAN cooperation, namely: drug trafficking, human trafficking, sea-piracy, arms smuggling, money laundering, terrorism, international economic crime and cyber crime.

As the changing times, there are many other transnational crimes that need to be dealt with in a multilateral framework, such as the crime of theft and smuggling of cultural objects, human organ trafficking, environmental crime (illegal logging and illegal fishing), cyber crime and computer-related crime .

Although there is agreement on the concepts and definitions of some crimes, this crime generally refers broadly to non-violent crime, which generally result in financial loss.
The more diverse and widespread crime across the country has attracted the attention and encourage countries in the world to cooperate to combat crime at the bilateral, regional and multilateral.

At the multilateral level, the UN and do initiating measures to increase international cooperation in combating transnational crime, in addition to the existing implementation of the Convention, such as UNTOC, UNCAC, and the Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs, also have built inter-agency networking focal point of each country , thus speeding up the handling of transnational crime.

The position of Indonesia

Indonesia played an active role in international cooperation tackling transnational crime.As the implementation of the active role, Indonesia has become a party to several international instruments related to the prevention of transnational crimes such as:

a. UN Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs, 1961
b. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971
c. UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs
        and Psychotropic Substances, 1988
d. UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime
        (UNTOC) and the two Protocols on Trade
        People and human smuggling, and
e. UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC)

As a form of responsibility and commitment as a state party to five international instruments, the GoI has had a number of laws and regulations related to the prevention of transnational crime are adopted or in line with the standards and norms set forth in these conventions.
GoI also participated actively in various international forums related to the prevention of transnational crimes, among others:

a. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND),
b. Commission on Crime and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ)
         including the UN Crime Congress held
         once every 5 years,
c. Conference of Parties of UNTOC, including
         intergovernmental working groups that
         organized within the framework of UNTOC, and
d. Conference of State Parties of the UNCAC, including
         intergovernmental working groups that
         organized within the framework of UNCAC (WG on
         Prevention of Corruption and WG on Asset Recovery).

GoI is also actively participating in sectoral forums such as Asia Pacific Group on Money Laundering and the Egmont Group. The second forum is to discuss the issue of prevention and combating money laundering issues. Particularly related to prevention of corruption, GoI has been active in various meetings to discuss efforts to combat corruption including by hosting the Conference of States Parties to UNCAC in Bali second session in 2008. At the second meeting of Implementation Review Group (IRG) in Vienna in June 2011, Indonesia has also been elected as the country that will conduct a review in the second session of the first round of UNCAC review mechanism.

While within the framework of regional cooperation, since 2002 Indonesia has been initiated along with Australia Bali Process Regional Ministerial Conference (BRMC / Bali Process) which aims to tackle problems of crime of people smuggling, trafficking in persons and related transnational crime. In line with the increasing flow of human smuggling in the Asia-Pacific region, the Bali Process has a very important role as a forum to develop regional mechanisms to cope with these problems. BRMC IV was held on 29-30 March 2011 to produce strengthening its commitment to tackle the problem of irregular migration in the region, either in the form of human smuggling, human trafficking and transnational crime. Beside that Bali Process countries saw the need for a regional cooperation framework (RCF) that are inclusive, but does not bind that aims to promote cooperation between countries in reducing irregular movement in the region.

Responding to the growing transnational crime, the GoI will continue to enhance the role and participation in various international forums related to the prevention of transnational crime. GoI is also committed to always give priority to national interests in the response to transnational crime